The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening cup on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the French league champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times late to seize a shock lead. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.